2nd generation of computer examples

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Some examples of third generation computers are the IBM System/360, IBM 1130, UNIVAC 1107, Apollo Flight Computer, Minuteman II Guidance Computer, UNIVAC … In this generation, magnetic cores were used as the primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary storage devices. It would take operators days or even weeks to set-up a new problem. Computers began to decrease in size, and small magnetic rings were used to store information and instructions. Other computers that used transistors include the IBM 7070, Philco Transac S-1000, and RCA 501. Computers could store more data in less space, 200 transistors could be accommodated in the same amount of space as a vacuum tube. The main technology for Second Generation was transistors (1956-1963). First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. Advantages. IBM had two product lines, a “commercial” product line and a “scientific” line, which were unified into one. Each of them was soldered on top of a circuit board that served to connect to other individual components. The transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed and cheaper to build. The input of this system was based on punched cards and paper tape; however, the output was displayed on printouts. Examples of the second generation comp… The second generation is the Transistor Generation. Computer Mouse and GUI make computers more enjoyable. Index registers and floating point arithmetic hardware became widespread. Second-generation programming language It used punched cards and a 4000 character magnetic core memory. The third generation is the Mini-Computer Generation. Wider commercial use; Better portability as compared to the first generation computers. They generate a lot of heat; They consume of a lot of electricity ; They where very bulkey in size; They were expensive. The object-oriented programming was used in the fourth generation of computer.Various types of language exist in object-oriented programming such as Java, Visual Basic, etc. Featured computers from the second generation. These cores contained small rings of linked magnetic material in which data and instructions could be stored. In its normal state, the semi-conductor was not conductive, but when a certain voltage was applied to it, it became conductive and the electric current flowed through it. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. It had a storage capacity of 5 megabytes of data. The second generation of computers covered the period from 1959 to 1964. Fig: Architecture of computer. More powerful and reliab… The period of second generation was from 1959-1965. C#. The replacement of vacuum tubes by transistors saw the advent of the second generation of computing. Second-generation-computer definitions A computer made of discrete transistors and other electronic components. The first generation is the Vacuum Tube Generation. The computers built in the 1950s and 1960s are considered the 2nd generation computers. 4. The second generation of computers did not represent an opening to the mass market; The developed models were not even conceived as household machinery, and it took a few years to really adapt to a market, so be specialized. The microprocessor chips are used in this generation of computers. Example of Second Generation of Computer: 1. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system. Computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for Central Processing Unit.The first electronic computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and calculator) was developed in 1947 at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. Subsequently, in 1959, IBM continued its evolution and created the most successful machine in computing history (12,000 units sold): the IBM 1401 transistor-based mainframe. The examples of second generation computers are IBM 7094 series, IBM 1400 series and CDC 164 etc. Ferrite core memory and magnetic drums replaced cathode ray tubes and delay-line storage for main memory. Examples are the IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107, PDP-1 and 8. Finally, in 1964, IBM released the 360 series, made up of computers that were characterized by running the same software in different combinations of speed, capacity and price. Fig: computers of the second generation. Also known as a 2nd generation language. More powerful, more reliable, and less expensive, which made them more commercial. This generation marked a new era that was defined by the replacement of vacuum valves by transistors, which implied the creation of more reliable computers with less ventilation needs, making them commercially accessible and powerful. In this generation, magnetic cores were used as the primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary storage devices. The second generation of computers saw the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Basic Computer Language. In 1956, IBM sold its first magnetic disk system, the RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control). Second Generation (Transistors) Year 1956 – 1963 Characteristics > Used transistors instead of vacuum tubes for circuitry, which enabled computers of this generation to become smaller, faster, cheaper and more energy-efficient > Used magnetic core instead of magnetic drums as … Third generation (1965-1974 AD) 4. Any appliance that has a digital clock, for instance, has a small embedded micro-controller that performs no other task than to display the clock. Second-generation programming language (2GL) is a generational way to categorize assembly languages.. By 1960, IBM launched the IBM 1620 mainframe. Fifth generation (Developing process) 200 transistors could be accommodated in the same amount of space as a vacuum tube, a characteristic that made them faster, smaller, and more reliable. Five Generations of computer. 5. Large companies began to use the computer for storage, registration, inventory management, payroll and accounting. On the other hand, computer programs that were conceived during the first generation were improved, since new programming languages such as COBOL and FORTRAN were developed. These computing machines make usage of the transistors invented by Bell Telephone research labs and they had many of the same constituents as the contemporary computing machine. 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